A quick reference for django the test project is in rest-framework-test repository

FAQ

Databases and models

How can I see the raw SQL queries Django is running? 查看queryset的sql语句使用connection.queries

DEBUG模式
from django.db import connection
connection.queires
from djabgo.db import reset_queries
reset_queries()  # 清空query

或者使用print(queryset.query) queryset.query.sql_with_params() stackoverflow链接

Topic guides

讨论各种主题和工具 at a fairly high level, 提供一些背景知识和解释

Models and databases

aggregation聚合数据

Model & Queryset

Django The Model Layer 数据库model层 官网

Model & Field

Field Options
unique, blank, null的用法，歧义解释
Field Types
Relationship fields
Instance methods 实例方法

Migrations

Introduction to Migrations 

Data Migrations 数据迁移

python manage.py makemigrations --empty yourappname
from django.db import migrations
def combine_names(apps, schema_editor):
    Person = apps.get_model("yourappname", "Person")
    for person in Person.objects.all():
        person.name = "%s %s" % (person.first_name, person.last_name)
        person.save()
class Migration(migrations.Migration):
    dependencies = [
        ("yourappname", "0001_initial"),
    ]
    operations = [
        migrations.RunPython(combine_names, reverse_code=migrations.RunPython.noop)
    ]

压缩迁移 Squashing migrations 

TODO list

[ ] Model Instance
[ ] Other

Forms 表单 

Form API 

Using forms to validate data 

attribute

errors 具体的报错信息

f.errors
{'sender': ['Enter a valid email address.'], 'subject': ['This field is required.']}

method
- clean() 其实就是调用了clean_data

Built-in fields

FileField

开发进程 Development Process

官网

Settings配置

Settings配置
- Full list of settings 所有配置
  - Core Settings
  - CACHES

Applications

Configuring applications

from django.apps import AppConfig
class MyAppConfig(AppConfig):
    verbose_name = "自己的名字"
注意修改后要在 app/__init__.py 里面设置 default_app_config = 'app.apps.MyAppConfig'

Exceptions
Django Core Exceptions
from django.core.exceptions import *
- ValidationError()
- ObjectDoesNotExist 因为model.DoesNotExist是继承了这个Exception, 所以可以用一个ObjectDoesNotExist来判断多个错误
```
from django.core.exceptions import ObjectDoesNotExist
try:
    e = Entry.objects.get(id=3)
    b = Blog.objects.get(id=1)
except ObjectDoesNotExist:
    print("Either the entry or blog doesn't exist.")
```
- model.DoesNotExist from django.core.exceptions import ObjectDoesNotExist
- MultipleObjectsReturned
- PermissionDenied()

django-admin and manage.py

from django.core.management import call_command

Testing 测试

Deployment 部署

WSGI servers, uwsgi

基础

gunicorn

gunicorn
- 参数
- 信号

信号的处理机制

signal绑定的情况下
- 如果是runserver的进程, term的时候会直接崩溃
- 如果是gunicorn的进程, term的时候也会直接崩溃
没有signal绑定的情况下
- 如果是gunicorn的进程, 会先启动新的进程, term的时候会等待最后一个请求完成

Security 

Cross Site Request Forgery protection 

form表单提交的csrf数据: csrfmiddlewaretoken="wfjdaefefewajfklajsf"

    from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
    @csrf_exempt
    def view(request):
        return HttpResponse('csrf')

国际化本地化 

Time zones 时区

Time Zones时区

Python Compatibility 23兼容 

from django.utils.encoding import python_2_unicode_compatible
from __future__ import unicode_literals

常用的网站应用 Common Web application tools 

logging

Serialization

from django.core import serializers
serializers.serializer("json", Iterable[Model], indent=4)  # json字符串

用户认证权限 

Authentication Permission

已经有了AbstractUser的情况下,自定义user

cache 缓存系统,

官网

from django.core.cache import cache
from django.core.cache import caches

cache.set('foo', 'bar', timeout=3600)
cache = caches['thirdparty']
cache.set('foo', 'bar', timeout=3600*24*60)
cache.get('cache_list', [])  # 没有默认值就返回None

Pagination 

from django.core.pagiator import Paginator
objects = Model.objects.all()
p = Paginator(objects, 2)   # 每页显示2个元素
p.count # 获取一共多少个元素
p.num_pages # 获取页数
objectslist = p.page(n)   # 获取第n页
objectslist.has_previous | has_next # 判断是否有下一页
objectslist.previous_page_number | next_page_number # 获取上一页或下一页的页码
objectslist.number  # 当前页码

Data Validation

Other core functionalities 其他功能 

Content Types and Generic relations 

The ContentType Model
- app_label: application的名字.如果有层import,就是最后的路径
- model: model的name
- name: 人看的name

ContentType的方法

[ ]
model_class(): 返回contenttype对应的model

class ContentType(models.Model):
    def model_class(self):
        try:
            return apps.get_model(self.app_label, self.model)
        except LookupError:
            return None

ContentTypeManager
- [ ]
- get_for_model(model)
```
ContentType.objects.get_for_model(User)
```
- [ ]

TODO list

[ ] Document
[ ] First Steps

utils 

生成随即的字符串

from django.utils.crypto import get_random_string
get_random_string(length=6)

FAQ

Databases and models

Topic guides

Models and databases

Model & Queryset

Model & Field

Migrations

Introduction to Migrations 

Data Migrations 数据迁移

压缩迁移 Squashing migrations 

TODO list

views 

url 

Request and Response

Forms 表单 

Form API 

Using forms to validate data 

Built-in fields

开发进程 Development Process

Settings配置

django-admin and manage.py

Testing 测试

Deployment 部署

WSGI servers, uwsgi

gunicorn

信号的处理机制

Security 

Cross Site Request Forgery protection 

国际化本地化 

Python Compatibility 23兼容 

常用的网站应用 Common Web application tools 

Serialization

用户认证权限 

cache 缓存系统,

Data Validation

Other core functionalities 其他功能 

Content Types and Generic relations 

TODO list

utils 